http://kki.qorvis.com/forum/posts/list/7.page JForum - http://www.jforum.net http://kki.qorvis.com/forum/posts/list/399.page#2031 http://kki.qorvis.com/forum/posts/list/399.page#2031 GMT Hematopoietic origin of pathological grooming in Hoxb8 mutant mice. It is likely that Dr. Capecchi's work will inspire more research and more insights soon. Current treatment decisions should not be made based on this very early research, however.]]> http://kki.qorvis.com/forum/posts/list/399.page#2032 http://kki.qorvis.com/forum/posts/list/399.page#2032 GMT Human Microglia Transplanted in Rat Focal Ischemia Brain Induce Neuroprotection and Behavioral Improvement http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0011746 Excerpt from this study: Results: HMO6 human microglial cells transplantion group demonstrated significant functional recovery compared with control group. At 7 and 14 days after MCAO, infarct volume was significantly reduced in the HMO group. In the HMO6 group, number of apoptotic cells was time-dependently reduced in the infarct core and penumbra. In addition, number of host rat microglia/macrophages and reactive astrocytes was significantly decreased at 7 and 14 days after MCAO in the penumbra. Gene expression of various neurotrophic factors (GDNF, BDNF, VEGF and BMP7) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL4 and IL5) was up-regulated in transplanted HMO6 cells of brain tissue compared with those in culture. The expression of GDNF and VEGF in astrocytes in penumbra was significantly up-regulated in the HMO6 group. Conclusion: Our results indicate that transplantation of HMO6 human microglial cells reduces ischemic deficits and apoptotic events in stroke animals. The results were mediated by modulation of gliosis and neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection provided by neurotrophic factors of endogenous and transplanted cells-origin. ]]> http://kki.qorvis.com/forum/posts/list/399.page#2033 http://kki.qorvis.com/forum/posts/list/399.page#2033 GMT Hematopoietic Origin of Pathological Grooming in Hoxb8 Mutant Mice Mouse Hoxb8 mutants show unexpected behavior manifested by compulsive grooming and hair removal, similar to behavior in humans with the obsessive-compulsive disorder spectrum disorder trichotillomania. As Hox gene disruption often has pleiotropic effects, the root cause of this behavioral deficit was unclear. Here we report that, in the brain, Hoxb8 cell lineage exclusively labels bone marrow-derived microglia. Furthermore, transplantation of wild-type bone marrow into Hoxb8 mutant mice rescues their pathological phenotype. It has been suggested that the grooming dysfunction results from a nociceptive defect, also exhibited by Hoxb8 mutant mice. However, bone marrow transplant experiments and cell type-specific disruption of Hoxb8 reveal that these two phenotypes are separable, with the grooming phenotype derived from the hematopoietic lineage and the sensory defect derived from the spinal cord cells. Immunological dysfunctions have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, but the causative relationships are unclear. In this mouse, a distinct compulsive behavioral disorder is associated with mutant microglia. http://www.cell.com/retrieve/pii/S0092867410003740]]> http://kki.qorvis.com/forum/posts/list/399.page#2034 http://kki.qorvis.com/forum/posts/list/399.page#2034 GMT